Technical Architecture
Architecture Layers
JuChain’s technical stack is organized into distinct layers, each handling specific functions:
Data Layer
Purpose: Stores all blockchain data.
Key Components:
Blocks: Include headers (timestamp, previous block hash, Merkle root) and transaction data.
State Database: Uses Merkle Patricia Trie (MPT) to store account balances and contract states.
Transaction Pool: Buffers pending transactions for packaging.
Features: Enables fast queries and ensures data integrity.
Network Layer
Purpose: Manages node communication and data syncing.
Key Components:
P2P Network: Peer-to-peer protocol for node discovery and data propagation.
Node Types: Full nodes (complete data), light nodes (headers only), and validator nodes.
Features: Efficiently broadcasts transactions and blocks.
Consensus Layer
Purpose: Maintains network state consistency.
Core Mechanism: JPoSA (detailed below).
Features: 1-second block time for swift confirmations.
Execution Layer
Purpose: Processes transactions and smart contracts.
Key Components:
EVM: Supports Solidity smart contracts.
Gas Mechanism: Ultra-low transaction fees.
Features: Compatible with Ethereum tools and contracts.
Application Layer
Purpose: Provides developer interfaces.
Key Components:
JSON-RPC API: Enables Web3.js interaction.
Tools: Developer portal, traffic analytics dashboard.
Features: Simplifies dApp development and integration.
JPoSA Consensus Mechanism
JPoSA is JuChain’s flagship consensus mechanism, blending Proof of Stake (PoS) and Proof of Authority (PoA) for efficiency and security.
Core Design
Validator Structure:
Core Validators: Up to 21, tasked with block production.
Standby Validators: Ready to replace faulty core validators.
Candidate Validators: Compete by staking JU tokens.
Staking Mechanism:
Users stake JU tokens to become validators or delegate to existing ones.
Block Production:
Core validators take turns generating blocks every 1 second.
Performance Metrics
Block Time: 1 second
Transaction Confirmation: 2-3 seconds (2-3 blocks)
Throughput: Thousands of transactions per second (varies with network load and optimization)
Fault Tolerance: Tolerates up to 1/3 core validator failures (max 7)
Security
Voting Weight: Adjusted based on stake amount and validator track record.
Penalty System: Malicious actions or downtime result in slashed JU stakes.
Network Structure
JuChain leverages a decentralized P2P network with multiple node roles.
Node Types
Full Nodes:
Store the entire blockchain and validate all transactions.
Ideal for developers or high-reliability needs.
Light Nodes:
Sync only block headers, relying on full nodes for data.
Perfect for resource-constrained devices.
Validator Nodes:
Participate in JPoSA consensus, requiring JU staking and uptime.
Data Synchronization
Block Propagation: New blocks spread quickly via P2P.
State Sync: New nodes update incrementally from the latest state.
Core Components
1. JU Token
Uses:
Pays transaction Gas fees.
Staked for consensus and governance.
Features: Secures the network and fuels ecosystem incentives.
2. Block Structure
Header:
Timestamp, previous block hash, Merkle root, validator signature.
Body:
Transaction list (transfers and contract calls).
Size: Default 2 MB, adjustable as needed.
3. State Database
Implementation: Based on MPT for accounts and contract data.
Features: Fast read/write, optimized for state queries.
Performance Highlights
JuChain’s design optimizes these key metrics:
Fast Blocks: 1-second block time suits high-frequency trading and real-time apps.
Low Costs: Gas fees far below Ethereum, averaging under 0.001 JU.
High Throughput: Parallel processing handles heavy concurrency.
EVM Compatibility: Supports Ethereum contracts and tools with zero learning curve.
Developer Integration
1. RPC Interface
Endpoint:
https://testnet-rpc.juchain.orgExample (Query block height):
curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" --data '{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"eth_blockNumber","params":[],"id":1}' https://testnet-rpc.juchain.orgResponse:
{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"result":"0x1a2b3c"}
2. Network Config
Testnet:
RPC:
https://testnet-rpc.juchain.orgChain ID: 202599
Currency: JU
Gas Settings:
Minimum Gas Price: 1 gwei
Transaction Gas Limit: 5,500,000
3. Tool Support
Frameworks: Truffle, Hardhat
Block Explorer:
https://testnet.juscan.io
Comparison with Other Blockchains
Feature
JuChain
Ethereum
BNB Chain
Consensus
JPoSA
PoS
PoSA
Block Time
1 second
12-15 seconds
3 seconds
Transaction Cost
< 0.001 JU
High
Medium
EVM Compatibility
Yes
Yes
Yes
JuChain shines in block speed and cost efficiency.
Summary
JuChain’s technical architecture—driven by JPoSA, EVM compatibility, and an efficient network design—delivers a fast, affordable blockchain platform. Its 1-second block time and high throughput make it ideal for traffic-heavy, real-time dApps. Developers can use this guide to integrate with JuChain and start building today.
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